What are the common urology conditions?

Urology is a surgical sub specialty that deals with problems related to the following organs:

1. kidney

2. adrenal gland

3. ureter (urine tube connecting kidney to bladder)

4. bladder

5. urethra (urine tube connecting bladder to the external)

6. penis and testes in males

Common urology conditions are stones in the kidney or ureter, infections of the bladder or kidney, prostate enlargement and cancer growing in the prostate, bladder or kidney.

These conditions may present with symptoms of pain over the back or lower part of the abdomen, blood in urine, pain during passage of urine, frequent urination and general symptoms such as lack of energy and loss of weight. In some conditions, they remain silent till the disease has progressed to an advanced state.

Evaluation of urology problems involve a physical examination, blood and urine tests and scans of the abdomen (ultrasound, CT scan or MRI). Sometimes, a cystoscope or a fine tube with a camera attached to its end in inserted in to the urine tube to inspect the health of urethra, prostate and bladder.